Change Of Pronunciation

Please discuss the difference between the vocalization of some common words in the siddur from the Middle Ages and now. Which versions are correct?

Reebee Akivoh
Rehbee Akivoh

Borei P'ri HaGefen
Borei P'ri HaGofen

Mashiv HoRuach UMorid HaGeshem
Mashiv HoRuach UMorid HaGoshem

Melech Mehulol BaTushbochos
Melech Mehulol BaTishbochos

Uv'mikalos Reevovos
Uv'makolos Reevovos

Melech Chai HoOlomim
Melech Chei HoOlomim

Retzon Konayhem
Retzon Konom

Tzohalo V'reeno L'Zecher
Tzoholo V'Reeno L'Zaycher

I also understand that from when Jews arrived in Artzos Ashkenaz they called Shabbos by another name as well, like the Sephardim, Yom HaMonoach Hazeh. That seems consistant with the Yomim Tovim [i.e. Pesach - Chag HaMatzos, Rosh Hashonoh - Yom HaZikoron].

Please address the use of rabbinic / feminine tense in Tefilloh [For example torosoch (Torosecho), naareetzoch (naareetzecho), godloch (godlecho) etc.]?

Rallis

Please keep in mind, that until the 15th century for the most part, siddurim did not contain vowels at all.

Rehbee or reebee: In the past "rehbee" was used ("reebee" was mostly used in Sephardic siddurim). Heidenheim changed it to rabee, but R' Yaacov Emdin held that it should be pronounced rehbee.

I have 3 Machzorim 1 from 1720 [Bad Homburg R"H & Y"K] and 2 from 1722 [Frankfurt Am Main, Bad Homburg R"H, Y"K, Sholosh Regolim]. All three use the punctuation Reebee.

Hagofen or hagefen: Until 300 years ago both the option of hagofen and hagefen were used, but the new siddurim printers stuck to hagofen (since this is the end of the sentence).

I have a Frankfurt Hagodoh from the 1770's as well as reprints of other Hagodos and they use the word Hagefen exclusively.

Hagoshem or hageshem: The nusach was always hageshem, it was changed by Stanov to hagoshem, but it should be pronounced hageshem.

A rabbi I daven with here, insists that if for no other reason than grammer, it should be HaGoshem. I know nevertheless it's HaGeshem, (same as Kayemes, rather than Kayomes).

Tushbachos or tishbachos: In all the siddurim in the past tushbachos was used, and in the רמב"ם and the רוקח they also write tushbachos (with the letter ויו). It was changed to tishbachos by the siddurim of R' Shabtai Sofer and R' Eliyohu and Azriel from Wilna.

The word pronounced Tushbochos makes no grammatical sense at all. At least one can see the correlation between Tushbechoso in Kaddish and Melech Mehulol BaTushbochos. It is interesting to note that the Machzorim I mentioned above begin with the word written as Tushbochos and conclude with it pronounced Tishbochos. It was a long process to convince people to switch.

Chei ha'olomim or chai ha'olomim: Both options are brought in the poskim, yet it seems that chai ha'olomim was more common, and that was the way Rav Hirsh pronounced it.

From what I understand Chei refers to humans, like in reference to Paroah "chei Pharoah". Chai is in reference to life refering to HaKodosh Boruch Hu.

Koneihem or konom: Almost all of the old siddurim have koneihem, but today konom is said, to make sure there will be no confusion, and it won't sound חלילה as if there are 2 רשויות.

I had an argument with a local rabbi about using the word koneihem. His argument was, as you mentioned that it sounds like there are 2 reshuyos. As Rav Hamburger Shlito said in response to a different inquiry. The Rosh [for example] didn't have a problem with it, why should you?
I found that in almost all Sephardic siddurim Koneihem is used. According to the Siddur HaGro, "Eizor Eliyohu" one writes it as konehem without the yud. Also in regard to the word Adonenu in Ain Kaylokeinu is written likewise without a yud.

Torosoch or toroscho etc.: In this issue there is a very big mix up in the old siddurim, you can find in one siddur both options (in one place torosoch and in another place toroscho), therefore it's very hard to try to learn from the old siddurim about this.

A friend of mine who is more well versed in Kabboloh than I am, explained that using the "feminine" tense, is an attempt to appeal to HaKodosh Borchu Hu in a certain derech. Sephardim still do this today as well.

Rallis

Just to add to the mix, gentlemen. . .

In a set of machzorim I have published in Vienna in 1890, it lists the pronunciation of morid hagashem and borei pri hagofen.

In the Roedehleim Haggadah of 1823 it lists the pronunciation of borei pri hagofen.

Brian